Resolves as 'Yes' if the respective head of state bears the title at some point in 2039.

Note that only the official title is necessary, even if they are e.g. still chosen by regular elections.

The answer needs to be the official title or a generally accepted English translation of the title.

Resolves as 'Yes' if the name of the title would be as listed if its holder had a different gender (e.g. 'Tsarina' or 'Tsaritsa' instead of 'Tsar').

Resolves 'No' if the country ceases to meaningfully exist or retains less that 10% of the territory it had in January 2024.

A country changing its name can still resolve as 'Yes', e.g. if Iran becomes Persia and has a Shah, it would count.

Resolves 'Yes' if the such-titled head of state is recognised by the state which de facto controls the country or by most UN countries.

Variants like 'Shahanshah' or 'Padishah' for 'Shah' count.

The range over a whole year is meant to avoid short-term vacancies due to e.g. transitions between monarchs.